{
  "name": "State-specific bar exam subjects study map",
  "description": "Searchable state-specific bar exam subject map with official-source links, UBE overlap labels, local-law cautions, and NextGen/MEE transition notes.",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-05-25",
  "canonical_url": "https://www.barprepplay.com/state-specific-bar-exam-subjects/",
  "json_url": "https://www.barprepplay.com/data/state-specific-bar-exam-subjects.json",
  "llms_url": "https://www.barprepplay.com/llms/state-specific-bar-exam-subjects.md",
  "jurisdiction_count": 11,
  "core_subjects": [
    "Civil Procedure",
    "Constitutional Law",
    "Contracts / Sales",
    "Criminal Law & Procedure",
    "Evidence",
    "Real Property",
    "Torts"
  ],
  "mee_transition_cautions": [
    "Conflict of Laws",
    "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
    "Trusts / Estates",
    "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
  ],
  "filter_subjects": [
    "Civil Procedure",
    "Constitutional Law",
    "Contracts / Sales",
    "Criminal Law & Procedure",
    "Evidence",
    "Real Property",
    "Torts",
    "Business Associations",
    "Business Entities",
    "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
    "Trusts / Estates",
    "Wills / Estates",
    "Professional Responsibility",
    "Professional Ethics",
    "UCC Article 9",
    "Community Property",
    "Remedies",
    "State Procedure",
    "Indian Law",
    "Louisiana Civil Code"
  ],
  "filter_aliases": {
    "state procedure": [
      "florida civil procedure",
      "florida criminal procedure",
      "georgia practice and procedure",
      "delaware civil procedure",
      "mississippi practice and procedure",
      "nevada civil procedure",
      "virginia civil procedure",
      "virginia criminal procedure",
      "louisiana code of civil procedure"
    ],
    "louisiana civil code": [
      "civil code",
      "obligations",
      "persons",
      "successions",
      "donations",
      "civil-law property",
      "community property"
    ],
    "ucc article 9": [
      "ucc 9",
      "ucc article 9a",
      "secured transactions"
    ],
    "trusts estates": [
      "trusts",
      "estates",
      "wills",
      "wills and estates",
      "wills, trusts and estates"
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-scope",
      "label": "NCBE NextGen UBE content scope",
      "url": "https://www.ncbex.org/exams/nextgen/content-scope",
      "note": "Official NCBE scope for July 2026-February 2028 and July 2028 forward, including foundational concepts and skills-context treatment."
    },
    {
      "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
      "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
      "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
      "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
    },
    {
      "id": "ncbe-nextgen-overview",
      "label": "NCBE NextGen UBE overview",
      "url": "https://www.ncbex.org/exams/nextgen",
      "note": "Official NCBE overview for NextGen adoption and rollout context."
    },
    {
      "id": "florida-test-specifications",
      "label": "Florida Board of Bar Examiners test specifications",
      "url": "https://www.floridabarexam.org/web/website.nsf/index.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=125BA5AFD5EB7D2385257C0B0067E748",
      "note": "Official Florida Board page for the Florida-prepared portion and test-specification materials."
    },
    {
      "id": "california-scope",
      "label": "State Bar of California scope of the California Bar Examination",
      "url": "https://www.calbar.ca.gov/admissions/examinations/california-bar-examination/scope-california-bar-examination",
      "note": "Official California subject scope for essays, performance test, and MBE topics."
    },
    {
      "id": "georgia-faq",
      "label": "Georgia Office of Bar Admissions FAQ",
      "url": "https://www.gabaradmissions.org/faq",
      "note": "Official Georgia FAQ listing current Georgia essay subjects and noting that UCC Article 9 is no longer tested on Georgia essay questions."
    },
    {
      "id": "delaware-board-statement",
      "label": "Delaware Board of Bar Examiners essay-topic statement",
      "url": "https://courts.delaware.gov/forms/download.aspx?id=228138",
      "note": "Official Delaware Board statement about bar exam essay topics and refinements."
    },
    {
      "id": "hawaii-subjects-tested",
      "label": "Hawaii Judiciary bar exam components and subjects tested",
      "url": "https://courts.ehawaii.gov/legal_references/bar_exam_subjects_tested",
      "note": "Official Hawaii Judiciary page listing exam components, including the Hawaii Legal Ethics Exam."
    },
    {
      "id": "louisiana-bar-exam",
      "label": "Louisiana Supreme Court Committee on Bar Admissions bar exam page",
      "url": "https://www.lascba.org/info/BarExam/",
      "note": "Official Louisiana Committee page describing the nine-part written examination."
    },
    {
      "id": "mississippi-board",
      "label": "Mississippi Board of Bar Admissions",
      "url": "https://courts.ms.gov/bar/baradmissions/baradmissions.php",
      "note": "Official Mississippi admissions page. Verify the current administration notice because Mississippi state essay subjects can be announced for a specific exam."
    },
    {
      "id": "nevada-bar-exam",
      "label": "State Bar of Nevada bar exam page",
      "url": "https://nvbar.org/licensing-compliance/admissions/bar-exam/",
      "note": "Official Nevada bar exam page linking exam subjects, format, and transition materials."
    },
    {
      "id": "nevada-subject-outline",
      "label": "Nevada essay subject matter outline",
      "url": "https://nvbar.org/wp-content/uploads/Subject-Matter-Outline.pdf",
      "note": "Official Nevada essay subject matter outline for the current Nevada essay component."
    },
    {
      "id": "south-dakota-nextgen",
      "label": "South Dakota Unified Judicial System NextGen announcement",
      "url": "https://ujs.sd.gov/ujs-news/south-dakota-adopts-nextgen-bar-exam-beginning-in-july-2027/",
      "note": "Official South Dakota announcement adopting the NextGen bar exam beginning July 2027."
    },
    {
      "id": "south-dakota-board",
      "label": "South Dakota Board of Bar Examiners",
      "url": "https://ujsbarexam.sd.gov/",
      "note": "Official South Dakota bar examiner portal and current applicant information."
    },
    {
      "id": "virginia-rules",
      "label": "Virginia Board of Bar Examiners rules",
      "url": "https://barexam.virginia.gov/rules-of-the-board",
      "note": "Official Virginia rules listing Virginia Essay exam subjects and MBE subjects."
    },
    {
      "id": "wisconsin-ube",
      "label": "Wisconsin Court System UBE adoption article",
      "url": "https://www.wicourts.gov/news/thirdbranch/mar26/ube.htm",
      "note": "Official Wisconsin Judiciary article explaining Wisconsin adoption of the UBE beginning July 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "ncbe-wisconsin-ube",
      "label": "NCBE note on Wisconsin adopting the legacy UBE",
      "url": "https://www.ncbex.org/news-resources/wisconsin-adopts-legacy-uniform-bar-exam",
      "note": "NCBE public note about Wisconsin administering the legacy UBE and adding jurisdiction-specific law components."
    }
  ],
  "rows": [
    {
      "code": "FL",
      "name": "Florida",
      "category": "unique",
      "format": "Part A Florida essays and Florida multiple choice; Part B MBE.",
      "summary": "Florida keeps a substantial Florida-law layer, so national MBE work transfers only after you add Florida procedure, Florida constitutional law, and Florida professionalism rules.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Entities"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Florida Constitutional Law",
        "Florida Civil Procedure",
        "Florida Criminal Procedure",
        "Florida Bar Rules",
        "Professionalism",
        "Wills / Estates",
        "Trusts",
        "Family Law",
        "UCC Article 3",
        "UCC Article 9"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "florida-test-specifications",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-scope",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Florida has announced a NextGen Bar Exam with Florida Law Component beginning July 2028.",
      "category_label": "State-specific",
      "category_description": "A meaningful local-law layer sits on top of national MBE or NCBE coverage.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "florida-test-specifications",
          "label": "Florida Board of Bar Examiners test specifications",
          "url": "https://www.floridabarexam.org/web/website.nsf/index.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=125BA5AFD5EB7D2385257C0B0067E748",
          "note": "Official Florida Board page for the Florida-prepared portion and test-specification materials."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-scope",
          "label": "NCBE NextGen UBE content scope",
          "url": "https://www.ncbex.org/exams/nextgen/content-scope",
          "note": "Official NCBE scope for July 2026-February 2028 and July 2028 forward, including foundational concepts and skills-context treatment."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "California",
      "category": "unique",
      "format": "California essays, one performance test, and a multiple-choice component.",
      "summary": "California remains its own exam path. The safest study split is national doctrine first, then California essay subjects such as community property, remedies, professional responsibility, trusts, and wills.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Associations",
        "Professional Responsibility",
        "Trusts / Estates"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Community Property",
        "Remedies",
        "Wills and Succession",
        "California Civil Procedure",
        "California Evidence"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Trusts / Estates"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "california-scope",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "California subject scope is published by the State Bar of California and should be checked for the specific administration.",
      "category_label": "State-specific",
      "category_description": "A meaningful local-law layer sits on top of national MBE or NCBE coverage.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "california-scope",
          "label": "State Bar of California scope of the California Bar Examination",
          "url": "https://www.calbar.ca.gov/admissions/examinations/california-bar-examination/scope-california-bar-examination",
          "note": "Official California subject scope for essays, performance test, and MBE topics."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "GA",
      "name": "Georgia",
      "category": "unique",
      "format": "Georgia essays, MPT, and MBE.",
      "summary": "Georgia is NCBE-heavy on the MBE and MPT, but the Georgia essay list has its own local procedure, ethics, remedies, and business-law coverage.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Organizations"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Georgia Practice and Procedure",
        "Federal Practice and Procedure",
        "Family Law",
        "Professional Ethics",
        "Trusts / Wills / Estates",
        "Non-Monetary Remedies",
        "UCC Articles 2 and 3"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "georgia-faq",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Georgia currently lists UCC Articles 2 and 3 for essays and says Secured Transactions, UCC Article 9, is no longer a Georgia essay subject.",
      "category_label": "State-specific",
      "category_description": "A meaningful local-law layer sits on top of national MBE or NCBE coverage.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "georgia-faq",
          "label": "Georgia Office of Bar Admissions FAQ",
          "url": "https://www.gabaradmissions.org/faq",
          "note": "Official Georgia FAQ listing current Georgia essay subjects and noting that UCC Article 9 is no longer tested on Georgia essay questions."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "DE",
      "name": "Delaware",
      "category": "unique",
      "format": "Delaware essays, MPT, and MBE.",
      "summary": "Delaware deserves a separate local-law pass because corporate entities, equity, Chancery practice, and Delaware procedure are not interchangeable with generic UBE review.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Entities"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Delaware Corporations",
        "LLCs / LPs",
        "Equity / Chancery",
        "Delaware Civil Procedure",
        "Family Court",
        "Wills",
        "Trusts"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "delaware-board-statement",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Delaware publishes board statements and instructions that should control over generic bar-review summaries.",
      "category_label": "State-specific",
      "category_description": "A meaningful local-law layer sits on top of national MBE or NCBE coverage.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "delaware-board-statement",
          "label": "Delaware Board of Bar Examiners essay-topic statement",
          "url": "https://courts.delaware.gov/forms/download.aspx?id=228138",
          "note": "Official Delaware Board statement about bar exam essay topics and refinements."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "HI",
      "name": "Hawaii",
      "category": "ube-like",
      "format": "MBE, MEE, MPT, Hawaii Legal Ethics Exam, and MPRE.",
      "summary": "Hawaii is close to a UBE-style study path, with the main local add-on being the Hawaii Legal Ethics Exam.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Associations"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Hawaii Legal Ethics"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Conflict of Laws",
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "hawaii-subjects-tested",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-scope",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Hawaii directs applicants to NCBE for multistate exam subjects and separately lists the Hawaii Legal Ethics Exam.",
      "category_label": "UBE-like",
      "category_description": "Mostly NCBE/UBE-style coverage, with a limited local add-on.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "hawaii-subjects-tested",
          "label": "Hawaii Judiciary bar exam components and subjects tested",
          "url": "https://courts.ehawaii.gov/legal_references/bar_exam_subjects_tested",
          "note": "Official Hawaii Judiciary page listing exam components, including the Hawaii Legal Ethics Exam."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-scope",
          "label": "NCBE NextGen UBE content scope",
          "url": "https://www.ncbex.org/exams/nextgen/content-scope",
          "note": "Official NCBE scope for July 2026-February 2028 and July 2028 forward, including foundational concepts and skills-context treatment."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "LA",
      "name": "Louisiana",
      "category": "unique",
      "format": "Louisiana civil-law written examination; not a standard UBE structure.",
      "summary": "Louisiana is the outlier. Treat it as a civil-law exam with its own code-heavy architecture rather than a UBE variant with a local supplement.",
      "overlap": [
        "Contracts / Obligations",
        "Torts",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Business Entities"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Civil Code I",
        "Civil Code II",
        "Civil Code III",
        "Persons",
        "Civil-Law Property",
        "Community Property",
        "Successions",
        "Donations",
        "Trusts",
        "Obligations",
        "Security Rights",
        "Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure",
        "Federal Jurisdiction and Procedure"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Trusts / Estates"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "louisiana-bar-exam"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Louisiana publishes its own Part I scope and schedule through the Committee on Bar Admissions.",
      "category_label": "State-specific",
      "category_description": "A meaningful local-law layer sits on top of national MBE or NCBE coverage.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "louisiana-bar-exam",
          "label": "Louisiana Supreme Court Committee on Bar Admissions bar exam page",
          "url": "https://www.lascba.org/info/BarExam/",
          "note": "Official Louisiana Committee page describing the nine-part written examination."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MS",
      "name": "Mississippi",
      "category": "unique",
      "format": "MBE, MEE, MPT, and Mississippi essay questions.",
      "summary": "Mississippi combines national NCBE components with Mississippi-drafted essays. Do not assume the national MEE subject shift tells you the full Mississippi state-essay picture.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Organizations"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Administrative Law",
        "Bankruptcy",
        "Domestic Relations",
        "Federal Income Tax",
        "Mississippi Constitutional Law",
        "Mississippi Practice and Procedure",
        "Professional Conduct",
        "UCC",
        "Wills",
        "Estates",
        "Trusts",
        "Future Interests",
        "Conflict of Laws"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Conflict of Laws",
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "mississippi-board",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Verify the current Mississippi administration notice because state essay subjects can be identified for a specific exam.",
      "category_label": "State-specific",
      "category_description": "A meaningful local-law layer sits on top of national MBE or NCBE coverage.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "mississippi-board",
          "label": "Mississippi Board of Bar Admissions",
          "url": "https://courts.ms.gov/bar/baradmissions/baradmissions.php",
          "note": "Official Mississippi admissions page. Verify the current administration notice because Mississippi state essay subjects can be announced for a specific exam."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NV",
      "name": "Nevada",
      "category": "transition",
      "format": "Nevada essays, Nevada performance tests, and MBE; format and pathway details are changing after July 2026.",
      "summary": "Nevada is a transition watch state. Current Nevada essay coverage is local and broad, while Nevada is also publishing materials for its new admissions pathway.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Corporations",
        "Agency / Partnership"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Legal Ethics",
        "Community Property",
        "Conflict of Laws",
        "Persons / Domestic Relations",
        "Remedies",
        "UCC Article 2",
        "UCC Article 9",
        "Wills",
        "Estates",
        "Trusts",
        "Nevada Civil Procedure",
        "Federal Civil Procedure"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Conflict of Laws",
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "nevada-bar-exam",
        "nevada-subject-outline",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Use Nevada board materials for the exact administration because Nevada is actively publishing transition information.",
      "category_label": "Transition",
      "category_description": "Format or adoption rules are changing, so verify the current board notice before locking your plan.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "nevada-bar-exam",
          "label": "State Bar of Nevada bar exam page",
          "url": "https://nvbar.org/licensing-compliance/admissions/bar-exam/",
          "note": "Official Nevada bar exam page linking exam subjects, format, and transition materials."
        },
        {
          "id": "nevada-subject-outline",
          "label": "Nevada essay subject matter outline",
          "url": "https://nvbar.org/wp-content/uploads/Subject-Matter-Outline.pdf",
          "note": "Official Nevada essay subject matter outline for the current Nevada essay component."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "SD",
      "name": "South Dakota",
      "category": "transition",
      "format": "Current NCBE-heavy exam path with a South Dakota Indian Law component; NextGen planned for July 2027.",
      "summary": "South Dakota is mostly national study coverage plus a local Indian Law component, but it has already announced a July 2027 NextGen switch.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Associations"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Indian Law"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Conflict of Laws",
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "south-dakota-board",
        "south-dakota-nextgen",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-scope",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "South Dakota announced adoption of the NextGen bar exam beginning July 2027.",
      "category_label": "Transition",
      "category_description": "Format or adoption rules are changing, so verify the current board notice before locking your plan.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "south-dakota-board",
          "label": "South Dakota Board of Bar Examiners",
          "url": "https://ujsbarexam.sd.gov/",
          "note": "Official South Dakota bar examiner portal and current applicant information."
        },
        {
          "id": "south-dakota-nextgen",
          "label": "South Dakota Unified Judicial System NextGen announcement",
          "url": "https://ujs.sd.gov/ujs-news/south-dakota-adopts-nextgen-bar-exam-beginning-in-july-2027/",
          "note": "Official South Dakota announcement adopting the NextGen bar exam beginning July 2027."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-scope",
          "label": "NCBE NextGen UBE content scope",
          "url": "https://www.ncbex.org/exams/nextgen/content-scope",
          "note": "Official NCBE scope for July 2026-February 2028 and July 2028 forward, including foundational concepts and skills-context treatment."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "VA",
      "name": "Virginia",
      "category": "unique",
      "format": "Virginia Essay exam plus MBE for most applicants.",
      "summary": "Virginia keeps a heavily state-specific essay day. Local civil and criminal procedure, creditor rights, local government, and wills/trusts/estates need their own pass.",
      "overlap": [
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Civil Procedure"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Virginia Civil Procedure",
        "Virginia Criminal Procedure",
        "Domestic Relations",
        "Professional Responsibility",
        "Creditor's Rights",
        "Local Government Law",
        "UCC Article 2",
        "UCC Article 9A",
        "Wills",
        "Trusts",
        "Estates"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "virginia-rules",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Virginia Board rules list the Virginia Essay and MBE subject areas; use those rules over generic study charts.",
      "category_label": "State-specific",
      "category_description": "A meaningful local-law layer sits on top of national MBE or NCBE coverage.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "virginia-rules",
          "label": "Virginia Board of Bar Examiners rules",
          "url": "https://barexam.virginia.gov/rules-of-the-board",
          "note": "Official Virginia rules listing Virginia Essay exam subjects and MBE subjects."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "WI",
      "name": "Wisconsin",
      "category": "transition",
      "format": "Legacy UBE beginning July 2026 plus Wisconsin law/practice education requirements.",
      "summary": "Wisconsin is moving from its state exam to the legacy UBE beginning July 2026, with separate jurisdiction-specific law components for admission.",
      "overlap": [
        "Civil Procedure",
        "Constitutional Law",
        "Contracts / Sales",
        "Criminal Law & Procedure",
        "Evidence",
        "Real Property",
        "Torts",
        "Business Associations"
      ],
      "stateSpecific": [
        "Wisconsin Law and Practice Education"
      ],
      "cautionSubjects": [
        "Conflict of Laws",
        "Family Law / Domestic Relations",
        "Trusts / Estates",
        "Secured Transactions / UCC 9"
      ],
      "sourceIds": [
        "wisconsin-ube",
        "ncbe-wisconsin-ube",
        "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help"
      ],
      "boardNote": "Wisconsin adoption details are new enough that applicants should confirm UBE and local-law component rules before relying on any summary.",
      "category_label": "Transition",
      "category_description": "Format or adoption rules are changing, so verify the current board notice before locking your plan.",
      "official_sources": [
        {
          "id": "wisconsin-ube",
          "label": "Wisconsin Court System UBE adoption article",
          "url": "https://www.wicourts.gov/news/thirdbranch/mar26/ube.htm",
          "note": "Official Wisconsin Judiciary article explaining Wisconsin adoption of the UBE beginning July 2026."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-wisconsin-ube",
          "label": "NCBE note on Wisconsin adopting the legacy UBE",
          "url": "https://www.ncbex.org/news-resources/wisconsin-adopts-legacy-uniform-bar-exam",
          "note": "NCBE public note about Wisconsin administering the legacy UBE and adding jurisdiction-specific law components."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncbe-nextgen-content-change-help",
          "label": "NCBE help: legacy and NextGen content differences",
          "url": "https://help.ncbex.org/hc/en-us/articles/39895955991707-Is-the-content-on-the-NextGen-UBE-different-from-the-content-on-the-legacy-UBE",
          "note": "Official NCBE help article noting July 2026 MEE removals and the MPT treatment of family law and trusts and estates."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "verification_note": "This is an educational planning map. Bar applicants should verify the controlling board or court notice for the exact exam administration."
}